The most important objectives of orthodontic treatment are to obtain pleasing smile and stable occlusion. Although the concept about envelope of discrepancy can give a guideline for deciding surgical and non-surgical camouflage treatment, it is not easy to give a proper differential diagnosis in patients with Class III malocclusion. The three factors that we should consider are as follows: (1) Host factor (Personality, Attractiveness, History of previous treatment and degree of relapse); (2) Anatomical factor (Cephalometric Measurement, Dentoalveolar Housing); and (3) Biomechanics (Distalization of the Mandibular Dentition, open bite, asymmetry). The purposes of this presentation are to explain these factors and to show cases treated with surgical and non-surgical camouflage treatment.